HOSPITAL TRANSPORT SYSTEM: 2020

Like any other offices the Hospital also has its Transport service. Among them the Hospital Ambulances occupy the central place called ‘Patient transport system’
It assist in Transport of sick/injured from periphery to the health center .

The most vital part of health care delivery system and a vital link between  various levels of the health care system.

Effective  medical care delivery by qualified and competent medical, nursing and para-medical staff at the site and during transport is the requirement of to day. 

An efficient ambulance service is considered to be an essential of well organized segment of emergency and critical care service . The ever changing concept of Emergency care

• on the spot
• during tpt.
• ICU protocols

has brought a revolution in Ambulance Services. The presentation discusses the type of ambulances, how these should be used how the services are organised and controlled at various levels.

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HOSPITAL HOUSEKEEPING SERVICE: 2020

We know from the epidemiological tried that disease process starts when there is an interaction between the Agent and Host in a suitable Environment.
It is crystal clear the importance of Environment in epidemiology.
Likewise a clean and appealing environment in the hospital is the core of preventing infection and high level of patient satisfaction.
Though there are various components of housekeeping services the objective is to provide a clean and sanitary environment to the hospital.
The hospital sanitation service plays the major role in maintaining hospital environment clean.
What are the components of housekeeping services, their importance?
nature and quality of services are discussed in this presentation.

 

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HOSPITAL DIETARY SERVICES: 2020

There are certain group of services without  support of which a Hospital cannot smoothly.

These services are called ‘support services’ because these are essential to run the hospital, but these may become part of Hospital services or these can be out sourced or shared with other Hospitals. 

‘Hospital Dietary Services’ is one of such support services.
If it is out sourced then it supplies patient diets only, but if it is a part of hospital then it provides other facilities also like:-

• Provisioning of hospital diet.
• Diet counseling
• Dietary education

The objective of a Hospital dietary service is to make provision for clean, hygienic and nutritious diet for the indoor patient as per their caloric requirement.
The Present presentation explains  some of the components, and there planning. organisation  and functions.

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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM: 2020

Information Technology  is the system in which the various information is used for management of Hospital functions as under:-

• Collection, compilation, analysis and interpretation of data for effective use as  information.
• Helps in better planning, monitoring and control of medical and health services.
• Monitoring of identified indicators helps in improving of the efficiency and
• Performance  of health delivery system.
• Hospital safety
• Analysis of information helps in better decision    making.
  

The various information collected for information management of hospital are:-

• Morbidity Rates
• Mortality Rates
• Level of staff training and efficiency
• Level of functioning of various areas of hospital like Labs, Xray, Blood Bank,     CSSD, Sanitation etc.
• Admission, Discharge and Death.
• ALS, Bed occupancy, Bed turn over rates

With the modern technological development the whole system is being computerised with LAN. Designing of the MIS should be relevant to the objective function of the hospital.
The present presentation provides a glimpse of the information generated in the hospital.

 

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ORGANISATION OF MEDICAL RECORDS: 2020

RECORD is an in scripted information (regardless of physical format) that can be retrieved at any time. It includes all original documents, letters, photographs, books, blueprints, sound & video recordings and electronic data.
 

MEDICAL RECORD: The medical record is a clinical, scientific, administrative, & legal document relating to patient care.
Here data written in the sequence of events to identify and locate the patient and justify the diagnosis, the treatment given and the final outcome.
The record contains observations regarding the patient history, physical condition, investigations, line of treatment, daily progress diagnosis and discharge/death summary, and cause of death.
 

In view of this record carries importance not only to patient but also to the hospital, doctor and court of law as a legal document. It is also used for teaching, training, and medical research. Looking in to the importance of medical records, its documentation, preservation and safety is very essential. This needs a group of specially trained and dedicated team of workers for its maintenance. 

The presentation discusses how the records are created, how it moves and finally where it is stored and the various aspects of good record keeping.
 

 

 

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PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT OF HOSPITAL LAUNDRY: 2020

The main functions of a Hospital Laundry are:-

1. To supply clean and adequate quantity of washed linen.
2. Supply to be made on regular basis.
3. In a acceptable quality and within a reasonable cost to the hospital.
4. Steps to be taken to prevent cross infection.
5. Supply of good, clean and fresh linen to patients, is a method of great satisfaction for patient and increases the public  image of the hospital

Laundry service being a supportive service can also be out sourced.
There are three types of provisioning Linen in the Hospital :-

• Mechanized Laundry in the hospital.
• Out sourcing of Linen supply.
• Co-operative  hospital Laundry.

Mechanized laundry is the best service method of linen supply for a large hospital because:-

• Loss and damage to linen reduced.
• Regular, quality linen supply ensured.
• Safe handling of soiled and infected linen.
• Complete control on washing formula for different types of linen.

The following presentation discusses some planning and management issues of a Mechanised Laundry in a large Hospital

 

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PLANNING AND ORGANISATION OF CSSD: 2020

Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) is one of the important support services. In this modern age of concern for quality and reducing the hospital infection rate the CSSD plays an important role.
The major functions of a CSSD are:-

1. It is a service responsible for processing, issue and control of sterile supply for use to various hospitals.
2. The Central Sterile Supply Department is one of the important supportive services without which no hospital can provide infection free atmosphere.
3. It helps to promote and provide an efficient, economic, and   uniform source of sterile supply and other equipments
4. Institute quality control measures and research.
5. Provide trainings to medical and nursing students.
6. It is responsible for providing same standard of cleaning and sterilized supply to all areas of the hospital
7. It cuts down much of the time of Nursing Staff used in sterilization, thereby making available more nursing time for patients.
8. By reducing hospital infection it cuts down the average length stay of patient.
9. Provides a safe environment for the patients and staff.

Looking to the above aspects it clearly reflects the important role of CSSD.
This needs meticulous planning and organization of this service in the Hospital
The present presentation discusses some important aspects of these issues.

 

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PROGRESSIVE PATIENT CARE(PPC) : 2020

Each patient does not require same level of nursing care. 

The nursing care need of a patient depends on the intensity of sickness of the patient.

Therefore the nursing care need of the  patient  is based on the concept of progressive patient care.

It means the level of nursing care need of a patient changes with the progress in his sickness condition.

Therefore, “Progressive patient care is defined as the organization of hospital facilities, services and staff as per the medical and nursing needs of the patient”.

This concept does not take in to consideration the age, sex or type of disease but the essentiality of nursing care needs.

Why this concept is important, how the patients are categorized  under this concept , advantages and short coming of such division is described in short in this presentation.

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ORGANISATION OF NURSING SERVICES: 2020

Nurse is the hub of all activities in the hospital specially management of indoor services.

She serves as a fulcrum, balancing on one side management of the word and patient care on the other side.

She is responsible for provisioning services, ward sanitation and physical, emotional and psychological need of the patient.

Because of her close proximity to the patient and relatives, her role is very important in qualitative care in the hospital.

She is the in charge of the word and successful word management solely depends on her administrative, management and technical skills.

Her very presence in the ward , smoothens the entire word environment.

This shows the importance of a nurse in patient care services in the hospital.

In addition to nursing care nurses are also engaged in teaching, audit and research activities in the hospital.

In nutshell the nurse is the centre of all activities in the hospital. Hardly any service is there which can function without the support of nursing staff.

Knowing the importance of a nurse in patient care, in this presentation we will discuss in short the planning, organization and management of nursing care services.

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OPERATION THEATRE SERVICES: 2020

Art of surgery is created by the hands of a surgeon. These hands are of no use, if there is inadequate operation facilities.

All surgical departments need a well equipped operation theatre to work with.

The surgical departments save the precious life through operation.

About fifty percent of hospital beds are allocated to surgical departments signifying its importance.

With the introduction of super specialty services and gradual development in operation technologies , the designing of operation theatre is becoming more sophisticated and complex in nature.

This has warranted an intelligent planning and skillful organizing of a modern OT so as to meet the modern demand for surgery as well as,  matching the expectations of the surgeons.

Therefore planning an OT has become more crucial. Certain aspects like clean environment, adequate safety of staff and patients, controlling of infection, are issues to be considered at the stage of planning itself.  

The above factors reflects the importance of organizing an operation theatre, depicting the technical and conceptual skills of a hospital Administrator.

The presentation discusses certain important issues which should be considered while planning and management of Operation Theatre and does not take in to consideration of details of modern OT complex in Super specialty hospitals leaving this issue to modern architects.

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PLANNING AND ORGANISATION OF ICU SERVICES: 2020

Intensive care service is the most important component of progressive patient care.

The services are provided through careful planning and organizing an Intensive care unit, (ICU).

The patients who are critically ill and require maximum and high level of efficient nursing care are kept in ICU for treatment.

Such type of patients who are so sick, that they are not in a position to care for their health. It includes the following type of patients.

1. Who are unable to communicate their needs. 

2. Who requires extensive nursing care. 

3. Require constant observation and supervision. 

4. Require ventilatory support. 

For this reason planning and organizing ICU service is so vital.

How an ICU should be planned, kind of service and facilities to be provided, how the services should be organized are described in short in the following presentation.

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HOSPITAL EMERGENCY SERVICES: 2020

There is a saying ‘The cleanliness of a village is known from the dhobighat’, a place where washerman cleans the clothes. Similarly the functioning of a hospital is known from visiting the Emergency department.
Emergency is the gateway to the hospital, patients with pain and agony, relative emotionally charged enter the emergency department at any hour of the day or night,  expecting  immediate treatment and solace.
Here is how they are received, how delt with and how quickly they are attended to their grievances carries the importance for the entire hospital.
A satisfied patient from the emergency is a good messenger for the community . If he and the relatives are happy then it brings not only name and fame to the hospital but a precious life is saved.
Therefore, emergency department is one of the most important department within the hospital services.
The rapid urbanization, use of modern machines and transports has
resulted in a rapid increase in road traffic accidents and injuries.
Presently the RTA is the 4th major killers among all sickness and injury requiring immediate attention there by increasing the load on emergency services.
It has compelled the planners to think about separate traumcare services.
Therefore Emergency services in a hospital requires skilled planning
Provisioning and well equipped with skilled man power, adequate supplies and functional equipments and fleet of ALS ambulances to provide treatment at the site within the golden hour to reduce the trauma deaths.
The present topic deals with the planning, organizing an effective emergency services in a Hospital.

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HOSPITAL IN PATIENT SERVICES: 2020

The primary role of the hospital is to provide curative care to the sick through provision of a shelter in the hospital, under direct supervision.
It requires a systematically organized ‘In patient care‘  facility.
The organization of in patient service is very important because while providing curative care , there should be provision to look into the patients physical, emotional and psychological needs.
The patient must feel at home having a clean, peaceful atmosphere, and adequate provision for self entertainment.
The attendants visiting the patients must also be provided facilities to wait for some times, and must be satisfied with the hospital sanitation and type of care to their patient.
There has to be adequate safety and security and privacy for the patients,  and nutritious diet during the stay.
All these issues must be given consideration while planning for inpatient housing by the hospital administrator.
The presentation looks in to all these angles for planning and organizing the hospital in patient services.
There are various ward designing and creating facilities, it is the role of the administration to choose the best under the available situation.


 

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OPD SERVICES: 2020

To recollect, we discussed the type of hospital services in topic ‘HOSPITAL AS A SYSTEM’.
Now we will discuss them one by one.
We begin with the Primary/Essential services.
If you go back to the hospital system you will find the name of OPD services there in primary function.
OPD services otherwise called as Ambulatory care services. It is a shop window for patients, like window shoping in a super market where articles are laid down to chose and pick.
It is the mirror of the hospital, which reflects the functioning of the hospital being the first point of contact between the patient and the hospital staff.
Patients visit the OPD for various purposes, like consultation, day care treatment, investigation, referral, admission and post discharge follow up.
Not only for treatment but also for preventing and promotive services
 like, health check up, Immunisation, Physio- therapy and so on.
The ambulatory care services gaining popularity and demand due to ‘Day care services” and patient need not stay at hospital.
This is helping both the patient and hospital as patient remains at house near the relatives and the hospital is benefited by less demand on hospital beds there by reducing cost on in patients.
Knowing the importance of OPD services we are going to discuss  more about the OPD services in this presentation
 

 

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Preventive Maintenance : 2020

 

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EQUIPMENT HAZZARD: 2020

 

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EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE: 2020

Repair and maintenance of existing facilities to ensure  optimum operational reliability, risk reduction and their safety for the patient, staff and public is the objective of maintenance.
The quality of engineering services in terms of their outcome and ability to satisfy the expectations of clientele, both internal (doctors / nurses /technicians / management) and external (the patients / their relatives as well as the regulatory authorities) depends on effective maintenance.
Expectations of the Patients

1. There is a regular and uninterrupted power / water supply, the communication system and a comfortable environment (lighting, ventilation, humidity, noise / odor level).
2. Failure of these services is not the cause of any untoward effect, on their treatment / chances of recovery.
3. The service should be able to provide to them an atmosphere like their home atmosphere.

Expectations of the Doctors / Nurses / Technicians

1. The services optimize the comfort level of the patient.
2. That the services are adequate enough to support the timely performance of the diagnostic / therapeutic procedures
3. The communication system is efficient and fully reliable
4. The services do not, in any way, adversely affect the treatment of their patients.

Expectations of the Management

1. No complaints from the patients, staff or the regulatory authorities.
2. Safety of patients, public and staff from all possible hazards related to the facility management.
3. Minimum possible cost of maintaining / operating the facilities / equipment under the charge of the department.

Expectations of the Regulatory Authorities

1. Absolute compliance of all legal provisions and no incidence of violations of the laws.
2. Complete safety of the patients, relatives, public and the staff.
3. No complaints from the public about environmental nuisance.

In view of this Equipment maintenance is one of the vital components of any hospital service and attention to be paid on above factors. This presentation is made with the extracts taken from a WHO presentation indicated on it. Hope it will be of help  and a guide for hospital equipment maintenance.

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HOSPITAL ENGINEERING SERVICE: 2020

One must be surprised, being a hospital administrator, what is the need of knowing engineering service

But one must not forget that:

•     Huge hospital buildings require maintenance and repair
•     Hospital requires Electricity, water supply, air-conditioning, and sewerage disposal for 24x7 days of the year
•     Hospital uses highly sophisticated, heavy equipments and machines for patient care

Knowing engineering services helps the administrator to plan and take decision in time for smooth running of the hospital

Therefore Engineering Services are perhaps the most vital of the utility services in the hospital. The efficiency of entire patient care delivery system of the hospital depends on their efficiency. Even the slightest breakdown of power supply system, information system communication system or malfunctioning of vital equipment can have catastrophic effects.

The scope of engineering services in a hospital comprises of civil assets, electricity supply, water supply including plumbing and fittings, steam supply, central medical gases, air and clinical  vacuum delivery system, air conditioning and refrigeration, lifts, public health services, lightening protection, structured cabling, communication system (public address system, telephones, paging system), TV and piped music system, non-conventional energy devices, horticulture, landscaping, fire fighting.

 Last, but not the least, workshop facilities for repairs and maintenance of equipments. 

The scope of engineering services generally includes repair and maintenance of existing facilities to ensure optimum operational reliability, risk reduction and their safety for the patient, staff and public.

Initial planning and building the civil assets is to included in the scope of services.

That’s why it is mandatory for a hospital administrator to know about engineering services.

The presentation describes in short the various type of Engineering services required in a hospital setup and taking various preventing measures for safety of all and longevity of the buildings, systems and machines.

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PC-PNDT ACT:2020

Progress in science and technology and the easy availability of new machines that are able to identify the sex of the fetus, has spawned another form of violence – female feticide, killing the girl child in the womb.

Misuse of the techniques like amniocentesis and ultra sonography to determine the sex of the fetus and subsequent abortions if the fetus was found to be female was noticed by social activists in 1980s.

After intensive public debate all over India, the Parliament enacted the Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Act on 20th September 1994 and it was brought into operation from 1st January, 1996.

The said Act has since been amended with effect from 14th February, 2003 to make it more comprehensive and renamed as “Pre-conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act, 1994”.

The techniques of pre-conception sex selection have been brought within the ambit of the Act so as to pre-empt the use of such technologies, which significantly contribute to the declining sex ratio.

The presentation describes the salient points under the act and penalty for its misuse.

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HUMAN ORGAN TRANSPLANT ACT: 2020

There was no Law to stop illegal trafficking of organ is very high in India. To stop illegal organ transplant, Indian Government has come up with a 1994 law that criminalizes organ sales. 

The Human Organs Transplant Act, 1994 has laid down certain rules and regulations that are to be followed while conducting organ transplant. An Act to provide for the regulation of removal, storage and transplantation of human organs for therapeutic purposes and for the prevention of commercial dealings in human organs and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

Organ transplant law does not allow exchange of money between the donor and the recipient. The presentation describes the salient features of the act and measures taken by the government to prevent such practices

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RIGHT TO INFORMATION ACT: 2020

Every citizen under the constitution has a right to know the functional status of Government or Public offices. RTI secure access to information that is under the control of Public Authorities.

The basic objective is :

• To provide a legal framework of citizens’ democratic right to access to information under the control of public authorities
• To promote transparency
• To promote accountability
• Better record-keeping and decision making

Ideals of any law which should provide transparency to its citizens must provide:

• Maximum  Voluntary Disclosures by public authorities
• Easily accessible – cost-effective, 
• Provided in the local language, and effective method of communication locally.
• Independent and Non-judicial appellate mechanism
• Stringent Penalty for defiance of the act
• Empowerment of citizens as per the rights under the constitution.

The presentation describes the salient features under this act, which was introduced in 2005 after repealing ‘The Freedom of Information Act, 2002’. Its policy, procedures, and penalty for non-compliance and how to generate awareness about the act among Indian citizens. 

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PATIENT SATISFACTION :2020

Patient satisfaction is the core objective of any kind of Medical practice. Patient satisfaction needs total quality management. Both the staff as well as patient are satisfied when the patient’s expectations and perceptions are fulfilled by the organization.

It is therefore a team effort of various categories of staff in the organization as well as effective leadership. Here are many factors within the hospital which influence Patient satisfaction and these results in:

• Greater profitability.
• Improved patient retention and patient loyalty.
• Increased patient referrals.
• Improved compliance.
• Improved productivity.
• Better staff morale.
• Reduced staff turnover.
• Improved collections.
• Greater efficiency.
• Reduced risk of malpractice suits.
• Personal and professional fulfillment.
• Name and fame to the organization

The objective is to develop a quality assurance system in the Hospital.as per the need of the patient in his interest. The presentation describes in brief the patient's need, expectations, and how to develop the patient care and feedback system to obtain maximum patient satisfaction.

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HOSPITAL SERVICES RESEARCH : 2020

Research is the application of systematic, innovative technologies in the field of health and nursing to increase quality, efficiency, effectiveness, and cost control in health care activities.

OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH

• Promoting health and preventing disease.
• Improving the quality of life through self-management, symptom management, and caregiving.
• Eliminating health disparities.

The research in a hospital assists in:-

• To validate improvements in health care practices. 
• To make healthcare efficient and cost-effective.
• To improve the quality of patient care.
• To improve the level of patient satisfaction.

The various attributes of Hospital research are:-

• Research is always directed towards the solution of a problem. 
• Research is always based on empirical and observational evidence. 
• Research involves precise observation and accurate description. 
• Research emphasizes the development of theories, principles, and generalizations. 
• Research is characterized by a systematic, objective, and logical procedures. 
• Research is marked by patience, courage, and measured activities. 
• Research requires that the researcher has full experience of the problem being studied. 
• Research is replicable. 
• The research uses a systematic method of problem-solving. 
• In research, the factors which are not under study are used as controlled. 
• Research requires the full skill of writing reports and presentations. 

The presentation discusses the various types of research which can be undertaken in a hospital, how to conduct research, and how to present or write a research proposal. 

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HOSPITAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT: 2020

Rapid Advance in Health care sector with development of new technology in treatment, operation and modern investigation equipment and peoples knowledge and concern for better facilities has compelled the health institution to flash back in to their system for management of patients.

• Over and above the promulgamation of CPA act, increase in medical tourism and sensitive media has compelled to look in to their quality system.
• Stiff competition in the field of treatment and market management of health has driven all hospitals to ensure full patient satisfaction has resulted in the drive of accreditation of hospitals.
• The over all objective is to provide good patient care up to their level of satisfaction.
• There is only one answer to this --- developing a carefully planned  hospital quality management system.

The presentation focuses on some areas which helps in maintain quality in different areas of the hospital as well as to improve the quality function

 

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CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT: 2020

We have already discussed the various challenges facing a Hospital. 

The biggest nature of challenge is from the Wish list of health care institution, expanded  need list of professionals and demand list of users (patient), people and community 

All challenges may lead the hospital vulnerable under ‘Consumer Protection Act’

• The consumer Protection Act (1986) came into force on 15th April 1987.
• The Act was amended by the CPA amended act 2003and in force from  15.3.2003
• It has a three tier quashi  judicial machinery of administration and redressal  system.
• The provisions of this act are in addition to and not in degradation of any other law for the time being in force.
• The sole aim of this act is “To protect the interests of the Consumer.”

In view of the risks to medical professionals under CPA all medical professionals must know the relation between CPA and doctors and how to protect the hospital and doctors from the Act.  

 

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Medical Consent: 2020

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MEDICO LEGAL CASE MANAGEMENT: 2020

Apart from his routine and usual “clinical” cases, a doctor will come across certain cases one time or the other during the practice of his profession, which at that given time or subsequently, would be labeled as “medico-legal”.

The general belief that only the doctors working in the government hospitals would be involved with such responsibilities has now been dispelled by the recent decisions of the Hon’ble courts, particularly the Supreme Court. As such under circumstances, all practitioners of medicine will be liable to face a medico-legal case.

Many practitioners are usually apprehensive in dealing with such cases as they feel, attending an MLC (Medico-legal Case) means inviting trouble such as

1. ‘entangling’  in police cases

2. ‘indefinite hours’ to be spent in the court, 

3. facing ‘unrelenting’ defense counsels to reply. 

Because of this “fear-factor”, many either try to avoid the cases or try to manipulate them as non-MLC.

The best way to deal with these cases is to understand them clearly, analyze them thoroughly, and then act according to your conscience

A good working knowledge of the law in this regard, coupled with a thorough understanding of the correct method of dealing with such cases helps one to build confidence overriding the fear of MLC.

An attempt has been made to simplify the procedure in the following presentation.

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DOCTOR-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP AND MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE: 2020

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LEGAL ASPECTS OF MEDICAL CARE: 2020

Apart from his routine and usual “clinical” duty, a doctor come across certain ‘Medico-legal’ issues at one time or the other during the practice of his profession. Every doctor under law bound by a contract to serve its patient and cannot refuse treatment. Every doctor has to fulfill certain legal requirements in service by compulsion or voluntarily as defined under law. 

A good working knowledge of the law relating to medical care, coupled with a thorough understanding of the correct method of dealing with legal issues helps one to build confidence over riding the fear of LAW. The Legal aspects of medical practice broadly covers two areas of medical laws:

1. Medical Jurisprudence : It deals with legal aspects of medical practice.
2. Forensic Medicine : It deals with medical aspects of law.

SOURCES OF LAWS:

PRIMARY SOURCES:

• Laws passed by the Parliament or the State Legislative
• Ordinances passed by the President and the Governor
• Subordinate legislation: Rules and regulations made by the executive through the power delegated to them by the Acts.  

2.    SECONDARY SOURCES:

• Judgments of the Supreme Court, High Court and Tribunals (The ratio decedendi  is a binding precedent)
• Judicial legislation
• Judgment of Foreign Courts
• International Treaty

The objective of this presentation is to make you aware of issues which are generally confronted during medical practice. Hope this learning will help you in day to day practice as a hospital administrator . 

Regards 

 

Hospital Administration Made Easy

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PLANNING AMD MANAGEMENT OF HOSPITAL MORTURY : 2020

Mortuary or Morgue is the place where dead bodies are preserved for a period before post mortem or cremation. All hospital death cases both MLC and Non-MLC ,  and all brought dead cases  brought to Hospital are kept in hospital morgue. While natural death occurring at home are kept in mortury which are usually operated by cremation ground authorities or NGOs.

Hospital morgue is a very important component of hospital as death of a patient occurring at odd hours cannot be taken home as they come far from areas. Further:-

• It is the moral duty of authority or relative to ensure proper respect and proper handling of the dead body after the soul leaves. 
• Mortuary services are provided by the hospitals only to preserve the dead bodies in case of hospital death. 
• It also keeps all Medico legal death cases on request of investing officer before a post mortem/ autopsy is carried out. 
• The mortuary comes under Control of Deptt. of Forensic Medicine where post mortem service is available. 
• Where an autopsy is advised to ascertain cause of death it is under control of pathology department. 

There is also a difference between Postmortem and Autopsy. Postmortem is carried out on the request of investigating officer/ police/SDM for investigating the cause of death. Autopsy is done by hospital to find out clinical cause of death. 

For autopsy consent of relatives are required where as for postmortem no consent of relative is required being medico legal case. The presentation describes the organisation and management of  mortuary in a Hospital. 

    

Regards 

 

Hospital Administration Made Easy

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