Planning & Management of Hospital Mortuary :: HOSPIAD

Mortuary or Morgue is the place where dead bodies are preserved for a period before cremation. There is a slight difference between mortuary and morgue.

"All hospital death cases both MLC and Non-MLC , and all brought dead cases brought to Hospital are kept in hospital mortuary.While natural death occurring at home are kept in morgue which are usually operated by cremation ground authorities."

Hospital mortuary is a very important component of hospital as death of a patient occurring at odd hours cannot be taken home as they come far from areas. Further:-

1. It is the moral duty of authority or relative to ensure proper respect and proper handling of the dead body after the soul leaves.
2. Mortuary/ Morgue is the place where bodies are temporarily preserved before the cremation.
3. Mortuary services are provided by the hospitals only to preserve the dead bodies in case of hospital death.
4. It also keeps all Medico legal death cases on request of investing officer before a post mortem / autopsy is carried out.
5. The mortuary comes under Control of Deptt. of Forensic Medicine where post mortem service is available.
6. Where an autopsy is advised to ascertain cause of death it is under control of pathology department.

There is also a difference between Postmortem and Autopsy.

"Postmortem is carried out on the request of investigating officer/ police/SDM for investigating the cause of death.Autopsy is done by hospital to find out clinical cause of death."

For autopsy consent of relatives are required where as for postmortem no consent of relative is required being medico legal case.


The presentation describes the organisation and management of mortuary in a Hospital.

Planning and Organisation - Imaging Services & Radiology Department

Several accidental coincidences lead to the discovery of X- rays by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in the year 1895. Since then a long-long way has been covered in this field. No medical science has seen such rapid change as Radiology, especially in the past few decades.

At the same time, No medical science has met the challenge as Radiology to move forward in an era of rapid change in medical technology. Because of these rapid changes in the field of imaging, the Radiology department has got the new name of Imaging department.

With rapid change in investigation technology, there is a continuous changing demand in the field of radio diagnosis and imaging service. Resulting in an advanced, and detailed systematic planning and organizing

The major components of Radiology/ Imaging services are:-

1. X- ray Machines
2. Ultrasound Machine
3. Doppler Machine
4. Computer assisted Tomography (CAT Scan)
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
6. Position Emission Tomography (PET)
7. Mammography
8. Nuclear Imaging System

To manage such large number of sophisticated machines whose rays/emissions are hazardous to humane population calls for a critical planning taking in to consideration the safety aspect of patient , public and the department staff.

The following presentation shows some important aspects of planning and organisation of Radiology department of a hospital.

Hospital Administration Made Easy

Blood Transfusion Services: : Hospiad

Blood has been classified as a drug like any other drug.As a drug blood is more dangerous than narcotic drugs as it is transfuse directly in to circulation.

Though blood saves life of a person in need it can take the life instantly, if it does not match with the blood type of the patient.

Therefore blood has to be safe, free from all infections and compatible to recipient blood .

Blood is the life line of all living organism.Once the blood flow is stopped the organism is dead.Blood is a product not available to purchase from market.One individual has to donate blood for others need.

Collection of blood from one individual and putting in to the body of other is called transfusion.Blood needs to be collected and safely stored to be used in emergency.The collection , storage, distribution needs to be done in a safe environment.That’s why the blood transfusion service is so importantTherefore it needs a well organised ‘blood transfusion service.

The objective of this service is to provide “Safe Blood’ to the patient in need.It needs careful planning, organizing keeping in mind the safety and quality of blood.This service is available to them who has a valid license from State Drug Controller.

The ‘Blood Transfusion Services’ has been presented in two parts:-

1. Planning and Organisation of services (Part 1)
2. Quality and Risk management.  (Part 2)
   
   
   
   

Please Check the upcoming post for the discussion on the Quality and the Risk Management of the Blood Transfusion Services in the Hospitals. (Part 2)

Hospital Administration Made Easy (HAME)

Planning and Organization of ICU Services: Hospiad

Intensive care service is the most important component of progressive patient care. The services are provided through careful planning and organizing an Intensive care unit, (ICU).

The patients who are critically ill and require maximum and high level of efficient nursing care are kept in ICU for treatment. 

Such type of patients who are so sick, that they are not in a position to care for their health. It includes the following type of patients.

1. Who are unable to communicate their needs.
2. Who requires extensive nursing care.
3. Require constant observation and supervision.
4. Require ventilatory support.

For this reason planning and organizing ICU service is so vital.

How an ICU should be planned, kind of service and facilities to be provided, how the services should be organized are described in short in the following presentation.



Hospital Administration Made Easy

Organizing of Hospital Nursing Services :: Hospiad

Nurse is the hub of all activities in the hospital specially management of indoor services. Nurse serves as a fulcrum, balancing on one side management of the word and patient care on the other side.She is responsible for provisioning services, ward sanitation and physical, emotional and psychological need of the patient.

Because of her close proximity to the patient and relatives, her role is very important in qualitative care in the hospital.

She is the in charge of the word and successful word management solely depends on her administrative, management and technical skills.

Her very presence in the ward , smooth-ens the entire word environment.

This shows the importance of a nurse in patient care services in the hospital.

In addition to nursing care nurses are also engaged in teaching, audit and research activities in the hospital.

In nutshell the nurse is the center of all activities in the hospital. Hardly any service is there which can function without the support of nursing staff.

Knowing the importance of a nurse in patient care, in this presentation we will discuss in short the planning, organization and management of nursing care services.

Hospital Administration Made Easy

QUIZ 2 : Hospital Administration Made Easy : : 21 March 2011

Dear Readers,

We have been disscussing various topics on Hospital Administration, Hospital Organisation and Planning and its various aspects in detail at our posts http://hospiad.blogspot.com/ We have been taking Quizzes, QAs and open disscussions.

Now, take another simple Quiz on Hospital Organisation and find your score!

BMW Management

We will be discussing three topics which are related to epidemiology in contest to hospital. These are ‘BMW’, ‘HIC’ and ‘House Keeping’

Today we will discuss the topic about ‘BMW’.

What is BMW? Not the car, but ‘Bio Medical Waste’!! Bio Medical Waste is the waste which is generated in a hospital or laboratory having the potential of spreading infection.How such waste can be handled and disposed off by a hospital in compliance to ‘BMW Rule’ is called its management.

Hospitals have the potentials of generating a large quantity of such waste on daily basis which needs to be scientifically segregated, collected and disposed off daily to prevent infection.

Therefore, to ensure safety of staff, patient and the environment the Govt. has notified ‘Bio medical waste (‘Management & Handling rule’ 1998), under Environmental protection act 1986.

What is Biomedical waste, there classification how it is segregated, collected and to be disposed off have been presented in short in this presentation of ‘Bio Medical Waste Management’.

Planning for a New Hospital

Let us recapitulate what we have discussed so far. We started with an introduction to career as Hospital Administrator, and the various opportunities available to serve as administrator in the field of Health.

Then we discussed how the name ‘HOSPITAL’ originated and various definitions of hospital.

After this , tried to know more about hospital, like Hospital system, peculiarities of Hospital as an Organisation, with passage of time how the role and function of the hospital is changing(ref) and challenges being faced by the modern hospitals(ref).

Finally we tried to acknowledge the qualities and roles of a Hospital Administrator.

Now we will prepare the Idol of the Hospital and ornament it with various services step by step.

We prepare Idols of Ma Durga, Ma Saraswati, Lord Ganesh and so on, then we decorate them with ornaments and Instruments to give them a complete shape before we start Worshiping.Similarly the Idol of the Hospital starts with planning for a new hospital.

The planning of a hospital begins with formation of a planning team. What is this planning team? What is the necessity of such a team and how it functions?

Planning of a new hospital starts from selection of site to commissioning of the hospital. There are various important steps in hospital planning and each step has its own importance.

Therefore, we will discuss step by step how a new hospital is commissioned from its stage of planning in the today’s presentation.

Hospital Administration Vs Hospital Administrator :: Hospiad

Hospital administration is the management of the hospital as an Organisation. The administration is made up of medical and health services managers and assistant administrators.

The duties of the administrator, depends on the size of the Hospital.Role and responsibility varies according to the hospital size and Objective.

A Hospital Administrator Should have a specialized Post- graduation degree in Hospital Management. He must have Specific Attributes with Managerial and Administrative skills.

He has to have specific roles and responsibilities not only for hospital but also for the patients and community. 

To know what are the qualities of a good Administrator and what role he has to perform go to the Presentation.

Hospital As an Organisation

After knowing the hospital as a system, let us know how hospital functions as an organisation.

Organising is the process of grouping the various activities in to workable units and connecting them through authority, control and co-ordination so as to perform identified jobs for achieving organisation objectives.

Every organisation has a structure called ‘Organogram’ and the structure varies according to function.

Each organisation has distinct structure, objective and function, therefore differs from each other.

Organisation structure forms the basic skeleton of the organisation, which are:-

a) Helps to identify in consistencies and complexities in the organisation structure.

b) Helps to identify major line of decision making authority.

c) It indicates the employees there position, status and role in the organisation.

Each organisation, therefore has its own peculiarity to ensure its effectiveness.Similarly hospital is a social organisation and a rational combination of the activities of a number of persons with different level of knowledge and skills for achieving a common goal of patient care through a hierarchy of authority and responsibility.

Hospital organisation is very peculiar and differs from other organisations. Hence called a ‘MATRIX’ organisation.

To know what are the peculiarities of hospital, how it functions as an organisation, how it differs from other organisations, let us see this simple presentation.

Hospital as a System: A Presentation :: HOSPIAD

Dear Readers,

As discussed in the previous blog on ' Hospital As a System', here is a small presentation for you to understand it better.





Hope you find it helpful.

Take Quiz

Hospital As a System

Take Quiz

A system is a set of interacting or interdependent units and sub-units forming an integrated whole with a clear-cut objective at each level working towards achieving the main objective of the system through the authority and coordination.

Human being is an unified system of various systems like, digestive, Circulatory, respiratory and excretory and so on controlled and coordinated by the Central Nervous system the ‘Brain’

Similarly Plants or any living body has a system for its functions and survival.

Leaving aside the living beings, the nonliving objects also functions as a system like, a machine, an organisation or an institution so as to fulfill their objectives.

A system may be open or closed.An open system is one which has to depend to some extent with outside environment to full fill the objective.A closed system is one which functions from within to full fill its objective not requiring much help from outside.

In the similar way Hospital also functions as a system to achieve its objective.More will be known from the simplified power point presentation to come in my next blog.

Hope it will help you to understand ‘Hospital as a System’.

Take Quiz

How Hospitals came into Existence? :: Hospiad

History of Hospital Development

Literature suggest that the church at Les Invalides in France showing the often close connection between historical hospitals and churches. Ancient cultures, religion and medicine were linked. The various methods of cure starts from faith in Gods and begins from churches, temples and idghas. 

Institutions created specifically to care for the ill also appeared early in India. The earliest surviving encyclopedia of medicine in Sanskrit is the Charakasamhita (Compendium of Charaka). 

There are also evidence of Hospital care at the time of King Ashok. Early hospitals in India were built by Ashok (273-232B.C) During that time even, the importance of nutritive value of fresh fruit & vegetables were known. Gentle care, personal hygiene and herbal medicines were given to the sick.The Allopathic system of medicine   was introduced in India in 16th century. 

A modern hospital has become highly scientific and complex institution over the years particularly in last three decades. This is due to introduction of diagnostic and therapeutic technologies.

The history of development of hospitals is quite vast and described by many. If you interested to know more then follow this link to  Wikipedia

How the term "Hospital" originated?

Dear Readers,

We are discussing about careers in Hospital Administration and various aspects related to it. Now before understanding Hospital Administration let us try to know how hospitals came into existance , who came up with this beautiful idea of creating hospitals for nurturing sick and suffering people of the society? Today let us know from where the very term of "Hospital" came?

Literatures shows that the name has originated from the Latin word ‘HOSPES’ The word hospes means “A Host or the Guest” and its other meaning is hotels. That means a place where people get food shelter and rest.
 

From this word “HOSPES “ two words were derived

i) Hospitalia

ii) Hospitum

The word hospitalia was originated from the word hospit( Noun is hospitale and adjective hospitalia) derived from hospes which , further meaning ‘a guest’.The word hospitum was also originated from the word ‘hospes’ which means an apartment for guests showing ‘hospitality’.

If we keep these words in sequence as:

Hospes            Hospitalia               Hospitum

Host                 A guest                  Hospitality 

Therefore, Hospital is a host showing hospitality to a guest; the patient.

In 15th century the word hospital was used in England to the place where the elderly, infirm people are kept. Only in 16th century the hospital got its name as an institution where sick and injured were given medical and surgical treatment.

Choose your Aspiration Type and Level

Health administration today is the most challenging job. In this dynamic and ever growing field there are various scopes and opportunities, specially for doctors, such as health management, healthcare management, health systems management, health care systems management and medical and health services management. What is needed is the leadership, motivation and management skills to tap various resources from the diverse field of knowledge and utilize them in your carrier.

The question is how these changes can be faced, appreciated and accepted to use successfully in ones organisational interest. What is needed today is the principle of ‘Changed Management’

The field of healthcare is very vast. It stretches from the lowest level of a village Sub-Centre to a tertiary level hospital vertically and from Government Sector to voluntary, private and individual practitioner horizontally.

One has to think at which level he wants to work and make the change. But prior to that one should start from level zero to acquire necessary techniques by broadening his knowledge in the field of hospital administration and management to deal successfully with the changing situation, more specifically as per the need and desire of the community.

My endeavor in this regard is to assist you to bridge the gap between your present level and climbing up to the level of a trained hospital administrator.

Career as a Hospital Administrator :: HOSPIAD

Hospitals and the medical staff play a very vital role in our society. Each staff of a hospital contributes towards the well-being of individuals in the society. Doctors, nurses, technician, ward boy, attendant, cleaning staff, administrative person everyone has an unique role to play for smooth functioning of a hospital. This requires a strong administrative setup. As a result "Hospital Administrator” came into the picture. The Hospital Administrator, like doctor, nurse or any other staff of the hospital, plays a huge role in saving people’s lives, but the administrator does not need a scalpel!

Hospital Administrator help their medical staffs, have a hand in local publicity, technical and usually has a broad knowledge about health care business, policy and law and management of hospital staff, finance, material resources and services.

Therefore, a career as a Hospital Administrator is exciting, fulfilling and demanding. Many young and energetic doctors and nurses are joining various courses relating to hospital and health administration, like PGDHHM, DNB (Hospital Administration), MBA. CHA and MHA to join the stream of trained hospital administrators.

I with my 20 years of experience as a Hospital Administrator have retired as Additional Medical Superintendent from Dr. Ram Monohar Lohia Hospital, Delhi in year 2010. I have been teaching the PGDHHM (IGNOU) and DNB students of Hospital Administration and even after retirement I am continuing teaching students at the hospital as a guest faculty.

Apart from this I thought of extending my experience and knowledge to many younger aspirants interested in a career in Hospital Admistration. This very idea motivated me to create this blog. What can be a better medium to share my experiences to a broader audience than creating a blog? This generation is utilising the technological advances which are easy and quick way of learning. I am also in favour of this and thought of utilising this technology for the betterment of society and self-contentment. This will help me understand and address the plight of a student in a much better way.

So, readers keep following the blog. Hope I can add something to your existing knowledge. I also welcome suggestions from my readers.

Regards

Dr. N C Das

Ex. Additional MS and

Guest Faculty

Dr.RML Hospital